Greece entered the 4th century BC under the hegemony of Sparta, but it is clear from the outset that Sparta has a weakness. Demographic crisis caused Sparta Sparta too widespread power while limited ability to manage it. In 395 BC Athens, Argos, Thebes, Sparta and Corinth were able to challenge that led to the war Corinth (395-387 BC). War ended with the status quo, with interspersed Persian intervention on behalf of Sparta.Spartan hegemony lasted 16 years, until Sparta tried to impose kehendanya to the citizens of Thebes, Sparta defeated in battle at Leuctra in 371 BC. General Thebes Theban Epaminondas led troops into the peninsula Peloponesus, so many city-states decided to do with Sparta. Thebes forces successfully entered Messenia and liberate his people.Loss of land and the colonies, Sparta fell into a second-class power. Hegemony of Thebes was short then stands though. At the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), Thebes lost top leaders, despite winning the war. Then the city-state of Mantinea managed to dominate Greece.The weakening of the various city-states in the heart of Greece along with the rise of Macedonia, led by Philip II. In twenty years, Philip managed to unite the empire, extending to the north by cornering Illyrian tribes, and then conquered Thessaly and Thrace. His success thanks to innovative reform Macedonian army. Philip repeatedly interfering in the political affairs of the city-state in the south, which led to the invasion in 338 BC.After defeating the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the war Chaeronea (338 BC), he became de facto hegemon over Greece. He forced the majority of the Greek city-states to join the League of Corinth were allied with them, and prevent them from attacking each other. Philip Akhemaeniyah launch attacks against the Persian empire, but he was killed by Pausanias of Orestis.Alexander the Great, son and heir of Philip, continued the war. Alexander defeated Darius III of Persia and completely destroyed the Empire Akhemeniyah, and he earned the title of 'the Great'. Kerika Alexander died in 323 BC, Greek power and influence was at its peak. However, changes in political, social and cultural fundamental; getting away from the policy of independence (city-state) and more form the Hellenistic culture.
Selasa, 26 Februari 2013
The 4th century BC
Greece entered the 4th century BC under the hegemony of Sparta, but it is clear from the outset that Sparta has a weakness. Demographic crisis caused Sparta Sparta too widespread power while limited ability to manage it. In 395 BC Athens, Argos, Thebes, Sparta and Corinth were able to challenge that led to the war Corinth (395-387 BC). War ended with the status quo, with interspersed Persian intervention on behalf of Sparta.Spartan hegemony lasted 16 years, until Sparta tried to impose kehendanya to the citizens of Thebes, Sparta defeated in battle at Leuctra in 371 BC. General Thebes Theban Epaminondas led troops into the peninsula Peloponesus, so many city-states decided to do with Sparta. Thebes forces successfully entered Messenia and liberate his people.Loss of land and the colonies, Sparta fell into a second-class power. Hegemony of Thebes was short then stands though. At the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), Thebes lost top leaders, despite winning the war. Then the city-state of Mantinea managed to dominate Greece.The weakening of the various city-states in the heart of Greece along with the rise of Macedonia, led by Philip II. In twenty years, Philip managed to unite the empire, extending to the north by cornering Illyrian tribes, and then conquered Thessaly and Thrace. His success thanks to innovative reform Macedonian army. Philip repeatedly interfering in the political affairs of the city-state in the south, which led to the invasion in 338 BC.After defeating the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the war Chaeronea (338 BC), he became de facto hegemon over Greece. He forced the majority of the Greek city-states to join the League of Corinth were allied with them, and prevent them from attacking each other. Philip Akhemaeniyah launch attacks against the Persian empire, but he was killed by Pausanias of Orestis.Alexander the Great, son and heir of Philip, continued the war. Alexander defeated Darius III of Persia and completely destroyed the Empire Akhemeniyah, and he earned the title of 'the Great'. Kerika Alexander died in 323 BC, Greek power and influence was at its peak. However, changes in political, social and cultural fundamental; getting away from the policy of independence (city-state) and more form the Hellenistic culture.
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